Work-Related Trauma and Mental Health in First Responders: An Assessment of Service Utilization Barriers in Mahoning County, Ohio

Abstract

Introduction: First responders in Mahoning County, Ohio, face unique stressors and high exposure to trauma which significantly impact their mental health and increase risks for PTSD, depression, and anxiety, but many first responders do not utilize the current available mental health resources. Despite growing awareness of these issues, a knowledge gap regarding barriers (stigma, cultural expectations and toughness) and a lack of peer support remain that deter first responders from utilizing these mental health services. Addressing these barriers is critical to improving mental health service use among first responders and advancing public health goals. 

Methods: This study used a mixed method design to assess mental health service utilization by analyzing both quantitative data (stigma, trauma, workplace culture, demographics) and qualitative data (attitudes, accessibility, department environments). A survey was sent to 250 individuals and analyzed using SPSS and Quirkos software to identify key barriers to accessing mental health services such as stigma, confidentiality concerns, and cultural norms. Guided by the US Surgeon General’s Framework for Workplace Mental Health and Well-Being and Andersen Model of Health Service Utilization, the study aimed to inform targeted interventions that improve access, reduce stigma, and foster supportive workplace environments.

Results: Data collected from 113 first responders in Mahoning County, Ohio, revealed that while 81.4% were aware of available, mental health services, only 50.9% reported utilizing them. Gender and department differences influenced perceived barriers such as stigma and culture, though not all associations were statistically significant. Thematic coding showed trends of stigma throughout responses and also reported unhealthy coping mechanisms, different perspectives of life, mental health issues (PTSD, depression, and anxiety), and current coping mechanisms.

Conclusion: This study looks at targeted mental health interventions among first responders in Mahoning County, Ohio, particularly for firefighters who face higher risks and fewer training opportunities. These findings can guide local agencies in implementing evidence-based strategies to support the mental well-being of first responders.

Keywords: Mental health utilization, Stigma, Trauma, First responders

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